A Contemporary Criminal Justice Issue Victims Role and Rights in Criminal Law Free Essay Example, 2500 words

A justification will create liberal spikes, but this paper will argue that it is vital to a satisfactory substantive interpretation of the criminal law as a unique institution. The specific problem on which Ciocchetti concentrates on is, as he emphasizes, only one of a set of problems about the roles that crime victims should be assumed to possess (Hall, 2008): do they have a moral obligation, and should they have a legal responsibility, for example to testify of or report the offense; to help the law enforcement in its investigation; to provide testimony in court; to engage in an arbitration or post-conviction discussion with the criminal; to bargain, and acknowledge, some form of apology and reparation from the criminal (Hall, 2008)? The criminal law describes the crime of an offender as a specific form of public immorality (LaFollette, 2002); but supposing that the victim disputes that description? Such disagreement may assume different forms (LaFollette, 2002). At its most basic , it could refute that what the law denounces as an offense is wrong at all. That could be the rejoinder of the victim, for instance, of failed voluntary euthanasia, or of those who got injured in the unanimous sadomasochistic endeavors that were condemned to be criminal in R. We will write a custom essay sample on A Contemporary Criminal Justice Issue: Victims Role and Rights in Criminal Law or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page On the other hand, a victim may consider this wrong as an entirely private issue: a husband whose wife commits infidelity in a state that criminalizes infidelity may claim that infidelity is not a public wrong but a private one that it is a problem between him and his wife (Duff Marshall, 2004).

Lowering the Drinking Age Would Reduce Tragedies and...

Persuasive Speech Outline I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Gordy Bailey, was an 18 year old freshman at the University of Colorado at Boulder, after being at the university for only one month he joined a fraternity and had to undergo initiation where he had to drink 10 gallons on alcohol in 30 minutes. After going through this Bailey was incapacitated and was left alone to die on a sofa at the Frat house because nobody called for help. The members of the Fraternity ceased to call for help because what they were doing was illegal and being done in secret. They were against their policy having alcohol in their frat house and were having these minors serve each other alcohol. B. Audience Relevance: We are all adults already and we†¦show more content†¦According to former president of Middeburry college John McCardell interviewed February 23, 2009 he believes this is unjust â€Å"Why don’t we trust these young adults to make the same kind of responsible decisions about alcohol that we believe them capable of making in the voting booth, in the jury box, on the battlefield.† Sub point B: Drinking under the influence is perhaps the most detrimental subject when it comes to lowering the drinking age. Many are scared that these 18 year olds will take the streets and cause horrific accidents but According to www.chooseresponsiblity.org last accessed May 18th ,2014 ... twice as many 21-year-olds died in alcohol-related auto accidents as 18 year-olds.† Transition: Now that I have discussed the responsibilities that come with being 18 and how it is unfair to not possess the ability to consume alcohol I will discuss why the 21 year old drinking age is so dangerous. III. Main Point #2: Drinking becomes dangerous as it is performed behind closed doors. Sub point A: Binge drinking is perhaps the greatest problem caused by the 21 year old drinking age. Since it is illegal to drink under the age of 21 people who do, do it in secret and leave it unmonitored by other adults. This is especially popular among college students. According to the American Journal of Public Health, published by Georges C.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Lowering the Drinking Age 1011 Words   |  5 Pagesare facing the consequences of irresponsible drinking. Because of the issues caused by irresponsible drinking, the US government passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984 which raised the minimum drinking age to twenty-one to prevent drinking-related accidents and violence. Despite the intent of its passing, it was a counterproductive decision. Because of the higher age restriction, high school upperclassmen and college underclassmen see drinking as an exciting, rebellious act. ConsequentiallyRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Be Lowered2353 Words   |  10 PagesDrinking Age Over the years the drinking age or the drinking laws have been questioned and changed many times. For a few years now more recently question being, should the drinking age be lowered to eighteen? Or why shouldn’t it? In the United States, binge drinking has been a big problem. Its one of the top causes for traffic tragedies as well as other health issues that come along with it, especially among college students. However since the drinking age has changed from being 18 to 21 thereRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesBeswick, one of our C.M.S. missionaries. This dictionary gives forms in the Onitsha, Bonny, Arochukwu, and Ungwana dialects, more or less in that order, but to avoid confusion’ does not mark which form comes from which dialect. Probably confusion would have been better avoided by the opposite decision. More recently, R.C. Abraham had, before his death, begun work on an Igbo-English dictionary. The large amount of material he had collected has been deposited with the Institute of African Studies,Read MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pages466 Acme Corporation 470 12 CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 473 Facilities Scheduling at Mayer Manufacturing 475 Scheduling the Safety Lab 478 Telestar International 480 The Problem with Priorities 482 13 MORALITY AND ETHICS 485 The Tylenol Tragedies 487 14 MANAGING SCOPE CHANGES 515 Denver International Airport (DIA) 517 15 WAGE AND SALARY ADMINISTRATION 561 Photolite Corporation (A) 563 Photolite Corporation (B) 566 Photolite Corporation (C) 569 Photolite CorporationRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesstudy of international management. We would like to acknowledge those who have helped to make this book a reality. We will never forget the legacy of international management education in general and for this text in particular provided by our departed colleague Richard M. Hodgetts. Special thanks also go to our growing number of colleagues throughout the world who have given us many ideas and inspired us to think internationally. Closer to home, Fred Luthans would like to give special recognition toRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pageswith ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherenceRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagescompanies also created beneficial impacts for many other companies in dealing with these fundamental wide-ranging issues. These beneficial impacts had an enormous effect in galvanizing fundamental business innovation in companies at a far faster rate than would have been the case if there had been no boom; that is, without those effects, innovation might not have taken place at all. All this business growth has caused increasing complexity in business action and decision making. It has presented chief executiveRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDisposable Worker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual Diversity in Organizations 39 Diversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of Disabilities 56 ImplementingRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pagesput into printed form. Accordingly the articles were published. But at the 1883 General Conference Session, when it was proposed that these articles be placed in permanent form as a church manual, the idea was rejected. The brethren feared that it would possibly formalize the church and take from its ministers their freedom to deal with matters of church order as they might individually desire. But this fear—doubtless reflecting the opposition that had existed twenty years before t o any kind of churchRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesentirely from published sources but most have been prepared in cooperation with and approval of the management of the organisation concerned. Case studies can never fully capture the richness and complexity of real-life management situations and we would also encourage readers and tutors to take every possible opportunity to explore the live strategic issues of organisations – both their own and others. The following brief points of guidance should prove useful in selecting and using the case studies

Zinn and Johnson free essay sample

Historian Howard Zinn doesn’t believe that Americans were civilized in terms of sex and national origin. He views the United States from 1865 to 1900 as oppressed and racist. Many examples are presented in his book â€Å"A people’s History of the United States†, one of the examples he presents and perhaps one of the most important is that in 1877 the industrial and political elites of North and South would take hold of the country and organize the greatest march of economic growth in human history (Zinn, 253). Zinn views this country as unorganized because of the working strike, they oppressed minorities to do the work to built and stabilize the economy of this country. The separation of labor between black and whites is what emphasizes the idea of oppression in the United States during this period. Between the Civil War and 1900, steam and electricity replaced human muscle (Zinn, 253). The creation of new machines soon began to change farming. We will write a custom essay sample on Zinn and Johnson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Huge supplies of human beings were needed to test out these new machines that were backbreaking, unhealthful, and dangerous work. This shows how the United States only cared about social status, inventors were not to adjust or work the new machines, and therefore, people from a lower economic status, such as immigrants from Europe and China, would come to the United States and take the risks. An additional example of the change that occurred during this time period was the construction of the first transcontinental railroad which was built with blood, sweat, and politics ( Zinn, 254). Americans felt they were superior and submitted three thousand Irish and ten thousand Chinese to built the railroads for only about one or two dollars a day. Many workers died because of the heat and the war that was being held by the Indians that opposed the invasion of the territory ( Zinn, 255). Political standings also played a big role in the social injustice. The wild fraud on the railroads led to more control of railroad finances by bankers, who wanted more stability (Zinn, 255). J. P Morgan started off selling stocks for the railroads for good commissions but, during the Civil War he bought five thousand rifles from an army arsenal, and sold them to a general in the field. The rifles were defective and would shoot off the thumbs of the soldiers using them. He thought of himself as an American but the degradation of humanity in this act shows the contrary. James Mellon’s father wrote to him â€Å"a man may be a patriot without risking his own life or sacrificing his health. There are plenty of lives less valuable† ( Zinn, 255). This statement emphasizes the idea that Zinn is presenting about the United States and how it is full of oppression and racism. However, Historian Paul Johnson viewed things differently from Zinn. He described the United States from 1865 to 1900 as a panorama of general progress in which all classes shared and in which all intellectual and cultural interests were abundantly displayed (Johnson, 591). He ultimately believes that the United States was composed of American geniuses. If this were true I do not understand why minorities were being exploited by having them work long hours with no good payment. Johnson argues that although America’s high status elites deliberately spent their money on conspicuous consumption, they were still great Americans that wanted to succeed in being self satisfying, competitive swaggers, and excellent leaders for this country during that time. He compares American leaders to French and English noblemen, when in fact the United States as stated by Zinn had French and English people building the first transcontinental railroad. When describing the â€Å"Age of Robber Barons† Johnson compares, once again, French people and the building of a large country house to the building of the railroad constructed in 1877, the lack of information and no interest at all in what American history really was about, leads him to find without any facts a similarity between these two countries that had nothing to do with each other during that time. Johnson goes on talking about how between 1880 and 1920 there more country houses were built in the United States than in any other period of time. He again demonstrates us that he was more interested in story telling about the French instead of actually providing us with important facts about the United States. The history of the United States was not composed of how many houses were built; it was composed on how immigrants and lower class people were exploited to build more important things such as the railroads, while the white upper class spent their money on useless things. Zinn’s theories and ideas about the United States are much more meaningful than those of Johnson. Johnson is more interested in story than presenting actual facts about the United States. Johnson does not focus on the issue of race and the differences in treatment between social classes. Zinn on the hand provides us with facts about the cruelty that went on during this time. He focuses on telling us how people were mistreated, minorities were abruptly abused and the government did nothing to help the situation. The government of the United States was behaving almost exactly as Karl Marx described a capitalist state: pretending neutrality to maintain order, but serving the interests of the rich.

Marvell And Coyness Essays - Psychometrics, Research,

Marvell And Coyness q Research: the systematic effort to secure answers to questions. q Communication Research: Studies message related behavior as a specialty and is composed of verbal and non-verbal cues. q Quantitative Research: Explanation and Prediction, inquiries in which observations are expressed predominately in numerical terms. q Qualitative Research: Description and interpretation, and are based predominately in non-numerical terms. q Formats for Research Questions: I. Must be stated unambiguously II. Must have a least two variables III. Must be testable IV. Must not advance personal value judgments V. Clear grammatical statements. q Formats for Research Hypothesis: I. States Relationships between the variables II. Be consistent with what is know in the literature III. Must be testable. IV. Must be clear. V. Grammatical and unambiguous declarative sentences. a. Directional: What the relationship between the variable is. b. Non-Directional: There is a relationship between the variables. q Variables: a. Independent: Predict outcomes posited in the hypothesis. b. Dependent: Values or activities that are presumed to be conditioned upon the independent variable of the hypothesis. c. Continuous: Expressed numerically to indicate matters of degree. d. Categorical: Identifies the attributes or levels of a variable. q Operational definitions: Isolation of a concept by specifying the steps researches follow to make observations. q Conceptual definitions: Definitions that rely on other concepts to describe a term. q Descriptive Research: Research done through the gathering of available information. q Experimental Research: Research done when one or more of the variables is manipulated by the researcher. q Experimental Designs: Permits drawing causal claims about variables that can be manipulated. q Purpose of Lit. Reviews: To have some backup about what experts and others say about topic. q Peer Reviewed Sources: Sources that are reviewed by other students and scholars q Popular Sources: Magazines, Newspapers, and non-Reviews sources. q Reliability: The internal consistency of a measure. q Validity: a. Test validity is the constancy of a measure with a criterion; the degree to which a measure actually measures what is claimed. b. Experimental validity refers to the absence of errors that prevent researchers from drawing unequivocal conclusions. q Types of Survey Questions: a. Likert Scales: Scales composed of statements that reflect clear position on an issue, for which subjects indicate their agreement on a 5-point scale. b. Semantic Differential: Scales bounded by pairs of bipolar adjectives. c. Open Ended: Questions to which people respond in their own words. d. Closed Ended: Questions to which people respond in fixed categories of answers. q Uses of Focus Groups: To a guided or unguided discussion addressing a particular topic of interest with a carefully selected small group. By asking key questions the moderator finds the sentiments of the group and the reasons behind them. q Levels of measurement: a. Nominal: Use of numbers as simple identification of variables. b. Ordinal: Use of rank order to determine differences. c. Interval/Ratio: Assignment of numbers to items as a matter of degree. q Sampling Methods: a. Random: Selection of data such that each event in the population has an equal chance of being selected. b. Non-Random: q Samples: q Population: Philosophy Essays